Evaluation of current and future water demand scenario and hydraulic performance of water distribution systems, a case study for Addis Kidam Town, Ethiopia

Abstract The hydraulic performance and future water demand of distribution networks are major factors affecting the efficiency systems throughout world. Currently, Addis Kidam Town in Ethiopia is facing many supply challenges. Their existing system inadequate experiencing significant loss, pressure, flow velocity. All becoming worse with forecast population increases. main objective this study was to evaluate network considering both demand, together demand. undertaken using static analysis WaterGEMS V8i software. data were collected experiment tests, field observation, focus group discussions, interviews. Sampling sizes pipes junctions used velocity pressure changes 12% 15%, respectively, from high low-pressure zones. results indicated that designed a 8,906; however, current 25,854. can accordingly not meet only supplying 19.5 l/c/d each family able 45.2% households. compounded because loss 37.9%. Simulation at has 26.6% 4.3%, 2.4% 29.9% lower pressures velocities during peak minimum hourly respectively. Model values RMSE, MAE, R 2 , NSE 0.65, 0.40, 0.96, 0.82 0.56, 0.38, 0.98, 0.78 calibration validation flow, tank level, research recommends two-phase strategic response beginning by upgrading expanding network, first achieve 30 2032, then lifting 30–80 range before 2042. proposed management approach expected establish good for all residential communities town comparable In general, study’s findings showed could present let alone growth modeling highlighted increases possible targeting improvements, need find additional